Toxin
Toxin
Bradykinin...active. According to B.J. Hagwood, Rocha e Silva's biographer, "The discovery of bradykinin has led to a new understanding of many physiological and pathological phenomena including circulatory shock induced by venoms and toxins." The... In this article: Bradykinin, Mauricio Rocha e Silva, ACE Inhibitor, Angioedema, Peptide, Venom, Histamine, Captopril, Cough, and Cxcl5 |
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sciencedaily | November 09, 2009
Researchers Identify What Makes Deadly Algae More Toxic
...toxin could have cancer-killing properties as well. The toxin, called euglenophycin, has a molecular structure similar to that of solenopsin, an alkaloid from fire ant venom ... > read more Number of stories in archives: 77,434 Enter a...
In this article: Baylor University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Lake Whitney, Lake Granbury, Schug, Climate change, Cancer, and Alkaloid
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Wikipedia | October 20, 2009
Roderick MacKinnon
...professor at Harvard University where he studied the interaction of the potassium channel with a specific toxin derived from scorpion venom, acquainting himself with methods of protein purification and X-ray crystallography. In 1996 he...
In this article: Roderick MacKinnon, Potassium, Brandeis University, Biophysics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Rockefeller University, and Chess
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CBS | July 24, 2009
UA Testing New Scorpion Antivenom
...a bark scorpion stung Dylan at his Grandma s house. A small bark scorpion s venom contains nerve toxins, begin to cause neurological problems almost immediately in children. He couldn t focus on anything, his eyes were twitching, and...
In this article: Antivenom, Venom, University of Arizona, FDA, Arizona, and Mexico
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MedicineNet | October 30, 2009
Science Finds Healing in Halloween Horrors
...the cell," Valdivia explained. The concept remains in the development phase, but Valdivia's lab has already figured out how to synthesize the toxins so they don't have to keep milking the arachnids for venom. Spider venom is also being...
In this article: Sugar, Robert Root-Bernstein, Halloween, Candy, Venom, FDA, Vampire bat, and University of Wisconsin Medical School
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Joker venom
Joker venom Joker venom, also called Joker toxin, is a fictional toxin , a favorite murder weapon used by The Joker in the Batman franchise of movies, comics, and cartoons. Joker venom can exist in liquid and gas states and has been used to...
In this article: Joker, Venom, Batman, Bruce Wayne, Batman, Red Skull, S.T.A.R. Labs, and Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight
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Medical News Today | August 11, 2009
Tumors Feel The Deadly Sting Of Nanobees
...bees sting, they pump poison into their victims. Now the toxin in bee venom has been harnessed to kill tumor cells by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. The researchers attached the major component of bee...
In this article: Melittin, Cancer, Washington University School of Medicine, Permeability, Perfluorocarbon, Breast cancer, and Peptide
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Apitoxin
Apitoxin is acidic (pH 4.5 to 5.5). A honeybee can inject 0.1 mg of venom via its stinger. Apitoxin is similar to snake venom and nettle toxin. It is estimated that 1% of the population is allergic to bee stings. Apitoxin can be...
In this article: Apitoxin, Venom, Peptide, Phospholipase A2, Inflammation, Cortisol, Apamin, Prostaglandin, and Melitten
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New Kerala | August 11, 2009
Scientists harness toxin in bee venom to kill tumour cells in mice
...spheres they call nanobees. Experimenting on mice, the researchers found that nanobees delivered the bee toxin melittin to tumours, while protecting other tissues from the toxin''s destructive power. Revealing their findings in the...
In this article: Melittin, Venom, Cancer, Breast cancer, Melanoma, Washington University, Sequestering, and Journal of Clinical Investigation
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Cone snail
...targeting a specific nerve channel or receptor. Some cone snail venoms also contain a pain-reducing toxin, which the snail uses to pacify the victim before immobilising and then killing it. Some cone snail venoms contain tetrodotoxin, the...
In this article: Venom, Ziconotide, Peptide, Hawaii, Chitin, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Paralysis
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Description from Wikipedia:
A toxin (Greek: , toxikon, lit. (poison) for use on arrows) is a poisonous substance produced by living cells or organisms that is active at very low concentrations. Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins and are capable of causing disease on contact or absorption with body tissues by interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. Toxins vary greatly in their severity, ranging from usually minor and acute (as in a bee sting) to almost immediately deadly (as in botulinum toxin).
Toxins are often distinguished from other chemical agents by its method of production- the word toxin does not specify method of delivery (compare with venom and (the narrower meaning) of poison). It simply means it is a biologically produced poison.
There was an ongoing dispute between NATO and the Warsaw Pact over whether to call a toxin a biological or chemical agent, in which the former opted for the latter, and vice versa.
Biotoxins vary greatly in purpose and mechanism, and can be highly complex (the venom of the cone snail contains dozens of small proteins, each targeting a specific nerve channel or receptor), or relatively small protein.
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