Cellophane
Polymer
Florine Stettheimer...by Virgil Thompson with a libretto by Gertrude Stein. Her designs, which used cellophane in innovative ways, proved to be the project for which she was best known during her lifetime. She assisted her sister Carrie in the creation of the... In this article: Florine Stettheimer, Gertrude Stein, Florine, New York, Executor, World War I, and Art Students League of New York |
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Wikipedia | October 14, 2009
Thomas Lanigan-Schmidt
His work has been compared to that of Florine Stettheimer, who used cellophane in her sets for the Gertrude Stein/Virgil Thomson opera Four Saints in Three Acts; his art was included in an exhibit of artists influenced by Stettheimer. His...
In this article: James Hampton, Jack Smith, Four Saints in Three Acts, and Florine Stettheimer
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Four Saints in Three Acts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Four Saints in Three Acts is an opera by American composer Virgil Thomson with a ... as cellophane backdrops, and the costumes (also Stettheimer's) were of colorful ...
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www.answers.com
Four Saints in Three Acts, opera (full and abridged versions ...
Four Saints in Three Acts, opera (full and abridged versions) Date: 1927 -1928 Composer: Virgil Thomson Period: Modern (1910-1949) Review By joining
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www.columbia.edu
Item 244
... for Gertrude Stein and Virgil Thomson's Four Saints in Three Acts. Wire, crepe paper, thread, feathers, sequins, toile, velvet, cellophane. New York, 1934. ...
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www.theaterpro.com
Theater Pro.com
Four Saints in Three Acts ... recently, "Four Saints in Three Acts" by the ... Florine Stetheimer were constructed of a newly discovered material – cellophane. ...
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www.time.com
Music: Saints in Cellophane - TIME
Saint Theresa of Avila and... Four Saints in Three Acts although it has some 30 saints, a prelude and four acts. ... In Act I, labeled "Avila: Saint Therese ...
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FINDING THE THERE THERE - TIME
T ARE WE TO MAKE OF Virgil Thomson's impish opera Four Saints in Three Acts? ... made of cellophane, the work was a sensation at its Hartford, Connecticut, ...
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www.nytimes.com
OPERA: 'FOUR SAINTS' BY THOMSON IN CONCERT - New York Times
... cellophane-festooned sets by Florine Stettheimer, ''Four Saints' ... The Cast FOUR SAINTS IN THREE ACTS, by Virgil Thom- son. Libretto by Gertrude Stein. ...
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beinecke.library.yale.edu
Intimate Circles | Stein & Toklas
Set and costume design for Four Saints in Three Acts, an opera by Gertrude Stein ... "4 Wraps in Cellophane with apologies to Gertrude Stein," unidentified clipping, ...
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Description from Wikipedia:
Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose.
Cellulose fibers from wood, cotton, hemp, or other sources are dissolved in alkali and carbon disulfide to make a solution called viscose, which is then extruded through a slit into an acid bath to reconvert the viscose into cellulose. A similar process, using a hole (a spinneret) instead of a slit, is used to make a fibre called rayon. Chemically, cellophane, rayon and cellulose are polymers of glucose and contain the chemical elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Cellophane was invented in 1908 by Jacques E. Brandenberger, a Swiss textiles engineer. After witnessing a wine spill on a restaurant tablecloth, Brandenberger initially had the idea to develop a clear coating for cloth to make it waterproof. He experimented, and came up with a way to apply liquid viscose to cloth, but found the resultant combination of cloth and viscose film too stiff to be of use. However, the clear film easily separated from the backing cloth, and he abandoned his original idea as the possibilities of the new material became apparent. Cellophane's low permeability to air, oils and greases, and bacteria makes it useful for food packaging.
Cellophane sales have dwindled since the 1960s due to use of alternative packaging options, and the fact that viscose is becoming less common because of the polluting effects of carbon disulfide and other by-products of the process. However, the fact that cellophane is 100% biodegradable has increased its popularity as a food wrapping. It is also used in the making of bendy rulers, although those are not common.
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