HIV
Disease
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Central Asia Countries Remain Major Drug Transit RoutesIn Uzbekistan, there is a growing market for intravenous narcotics and a rising problem with drug addiction and HIV/AIDS. Smuggling of regulated prescription drugs is growing, and cannabis (marijuana) cultivation is increasing. In this article: Narcotic, Heroin, Tajikistan, Opium, State Department, Kyrgyzstan, Cannabis, Opiate, and Central Asia |
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Independent.co.uk - World | November 03, 2009
Turkmenistan: Stranger in a very strange land
...at the end of one session to ask if the country had a problem with HIV. She shot me a look of worried suspicion, and said: "We are building a big new HIV prevention clinic. But luckily so far we don't have a single case." This in a country that...
In this article: Turkmenistan, Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov, Ruhnama, Saparmurat Niyazov, Birmingham, and Unemployment
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Wikipedia | October 10, 2009
British Red Cross
...care situation of vulnerable communities abroad. The British Red Cross has been supporting HIV work internationally since the mid-1980s, for example in China, South Africa and Ethiopia. The charity helps combat Tuberculosis in...
In this article: International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, United Kingdom, and Blood transfusion
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Health in Turkmenistan
...in the northeastern areas near the Amu Darya River and the Aral Sea. The reported occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been less than 0.1 percent. However, sharp increases in drug trafficking through Turkmenistan are...
In this article: Turkmenistan, Cardiovascular disease, Cancer, Respiratory disease, and Aral Sea
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International Herald Tribune | October 03, 2007
Turkmenistan is inundated by a scourge of heroin - International Herald Tribune
In 2006, the last year of Niyazov's life (he died on Dec. 21 that year), Turkmenistan submitted data to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime saying it had only two known cases of HIV infection and one death related to AIDS. The...
In this article: Heroin, Saparmurat Niyazov, Turkmenistan, Rukhnama, AIDS, Hydrocarbon, U.S. Agency for International Development, and Taliban
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www.unicef.org
UNICEF Turkmenistan - HIV/AIDS - Introduction
HIV/AIDS prevention in ... Turkmenistan is a country with a low level of HIV/AIDS (one case of ... Programme on HIV/AIDS and STI Prevention in Turkmenistan (2005 ...
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hivinsite.ucsf.edu
Turkmenistan
A short list of national HIV/AIDS statistics, country map, comprehensive ... Officially Registered HIV Cases in Turkmenistan. January 1, 1987 through December ...
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www.newscentralasia.net
UNHCR Organizes First Gender and HIV/AIDS Seminars in ...
UNHCR Organizes First Gender and HIV/AIDS Seminars in Turkmenistan, posted by admin ... Turkmenistan, United Nations System set priority areas for 2010-2014 ...
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UNICEF Turkmenistan - Real lives
... pioneers of HIV/AIDS prevention © UNICEF Turkmenistan/2007/Bjorn Lyngstad ... ASHGABAT, Turkmenistan, 23 May 2007 – Knowledge about the risk of HIV and how to ...
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www.untuk.org
United Nations in Turkmenistan - UNFPA Promotes Condom Use ...
It is one of the means to combating HIV/AIDS (Millennium Development Goal 6) ... Turkmenistan is the only country in the region with the low prevalence of HIV. ...
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Description from Wikipedia:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Previous names for the virus include human T-lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV).
Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. The four major routes of transmission are unprotected sexual intercourse, contaminated needles, breast milk, and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth (Vertical transmission). Screening of blood products for HIV has largely eliminated transmission through blood transfusions or infected blood products in the developed world.
HIV primarily infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4 T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4 T cells through three main mechanisms: firstly, direct viral killing of infected cells; secondly, increased rates of apoptosis in infected cells; and thirdly, killing of infected CD4 T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4 T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.
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